A fleet of up to 100 self-driving Volvo S60 and V60 models today will start long-term testing in Sweden. The test, which will last two years and is taking place in the firm's home town of Gothenburg, aims to perfect autonomous technology for inclusion in Volvo's road cars by 2017.
The autonomous cars will navigate a road network of some 32 miles, taking in typical commuter routes and challenging the cars on aspects including lane discipline, selecting appropriate speeds and merging into traffic. A joint project between Volvo and the Swedish transport authorities, the cars all feature self-contained autonomous systems including lane-keeping sensors and radar to scan the road ahead.
The project, dubbed Drive Me, was announced late last year, when Volvo's technical specialist Erik Coelingh announced the scheme's aim was to make cars "able to handle all possible traffic scenarios by itself, including leaving the traffic flow and finding a safe ‘harbour’ if the driver, for any reason, is unable to regain control".
However, Volvo is not the only company moving forwards with autonomous car technology. Internet giant Google has set a target of 2018 for launching its own self-driving car, with prototype models having been testing in the US since 2011. A fleet of around 10 cars have previously been testing on freeways and less-built up areas in the US.
Now the project has shifted to urban environments, with the cars learning to tackle city streets. “A mile of city driving is much more complex than a mile of freeway driving, with hundreds of different objects moving according to different rules of the road in a small area... a self-driving vehicle can pay attention to all of these things in a way that a human physically can’t - and it never gets tired or distracted,” said project director Chris Urmson.
Developments to the Google car's software mean the model can now detect hundreds of individual objects such as cyclists, pedestrians and other vehicles. Updates also enable the car to predict likely and unlikely scenarios, such as whether another car will drive through or stop for a red light.
Elsewhere, Mercedes-Benz recently recreated a 60-mile journey taken by founder Carl Benz's wife Bertha in 1888 using the Benz Patent Motor Car. The re-enactment was done by an autonomous S-class featuring production-based radar and detection systems. Mercedes' autonomous systems are, according to a spokesman, “very close to production”, and it's simply a case of refining the technology for road use and making it available for the right price.
Audi is also working on autonomous technology and demonstrated its latest developments at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas earlier this year. The firm's prototype is fitted with a system that enables it to find its own parking space via a smartphone app, and a program that allows the car to pilot itself through traffic using the built-in cameras and lane departure sensors.
Earlier this year, BMW released video footage of an M235i capable of drifting itself. Using advanced GPS, the car could operate the steering, accelerator and brakes and complete drifts without any help from the driver. Elsewhere, Nissan boss Andy Palmer said he wants a “production ready” self-driving Nissan prepared for production by 2020, although in certain circumstances, such as congested cities, it would still require driver input.
While there are still at least three years to wait before the first autonomous cars are production-ready, Google believes the technology is crucial to managing congested roads in the future. Urmson believes that "we all dream of a world in which city centres are freed of congestion from cars circling for parking and have fewer intersections made dangerous by distracted drivers... thousands of situations on city streets that would have stumped us two years ago can now be navigated autonomously".
Mike Vousden
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